ANNUAL REPORT
2016
.69
NOTES TO THE
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND OTHER EXPLANATORY INFORMATION (CONT’D)
2A.
Significant accounting policies (cont’d)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include bank and cash balances, on demand deposits and any highly liquid debt
instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. For the statement of cash flows the item
includes cash and cash equivalents less cash subject to restriction and bank overdrafts payable on demand that form
an integral part of cash management.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition, measurement and derecognition:
A financial liability is recognised on the statement of financial position when, and only when, the entity becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument and it is derecognised when the obligation specified in the
contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. The initial recognition of financial liability is at fair value normally
represented by the transaction price. The transaction price for financial liability not classified at fair value through
profit or loss includes the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial
liability. Transaction costs incurred on the acquisition or issue of financial liability classified at fair value through profit
or loss are expensed immediately. The transactions are recorded at the trade date. Financial liabilities including bank
and other borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless there is an unconditional right to defer settlement of
the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting year.
Subsequent measurement:
Subsequent measurement based on the classification of the financial liabilities in one of the following two categories
under FRS 39 is as follows:
1.
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss: Liabilities are classified in this category when they are incurred
principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term (trading liabilities) or are derivatives
(except for a derivative that is a designated and effective hedging instrument) or have been classified in this
category because the conditions are met to use the “fair value option” and it is used. Financial guarantee
contracts if significant are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently measured at the greater
of (a) the amount measured in accordance with FRS 37 and (b) the amount initially recognised less, where
appropriate, cumulative amortisation recognised in accordance with FRS 18. All changes in fair value relating
to liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are charged to profit or loss as incurred.
2.
Other financial liabilities: All liabilities, which have not been classified in the previous category fall into this
residual category. These liabilities are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Trade and
other payables and borrowings are usually classified in this category. Items classified within current trade and
other payables are not usually re-measured, as the obligation is usually known with a high degree of certainty
and settlement is short-term.
